BPC-157 References

How to read this register

These are the BPC-157 references cited across the field station. Each inline [N] marker on the research, cytoprotection, dosage, legal-status and FAQ pages resolves to the matching number here. Entries carry a PubMed link, and a DOI where one exists; the regulatory entries link to the relevant FDA pages.

The register is deliberately mixed. It pairs the foundational primary studies — the 2003 transected-tendon work ^[1], the 2004 gastric-ulcer cytoprotection study ^[4], the 2017 VEGFR2 angiogenesis paper ^[3], the 2022 PK/ADME characterization ^[2] — with the three human pilots ^[6][10][14] and the recent 2024-2026 reviews and rodent studies ^{[8][9][11][12][13][15]}. The two FDA sources ^[16][17] anchor the regulatory page.

The literature is weighted heavily toward preclinical work, and a notable share of the foundational papers come from a single research group — a replication caveat the newer reviews state directly ^[11]. The three human pilots are listed alongside the animal studies so the human ceiling is visible in the register itself. Where a claim on this site carries a number, that number is here; where the site says "no data exist," no citation is offered because none should be.